新概念第二册第四单元单词详解78课

查看：1 发布日期：2009-06-26 10:23 发布人：张艳

详细讲解新概念第二册第四单元单词。是张艳老师所写的《新概念词汇进阶》的一部分。

LIST 78
entitle v. 以......为名；授权if something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it
The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 那本小说被命名为《傲慢与偏见》。
This license entitles you to sell drug.这个执照授权你可以卖药。
Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。
词组拓展： be entitled to (do) sth.对...享有权利, 值得; 有(做某事)的资格[权利]
记忆点拨： en（动词前缀，使……）—title（标题）（使有标题）

calm v. 使镇定；adj. 平静的；
I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。
After a night of storm, the sea is now calm.一夜暴风雨过后，大海现在很平静。
词组拓展：    keep calm保持镇定
calm down镇定下来
calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静
相关表达：     calmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静
词义辨析：     calm, peaceful, quiet, still
calm (relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset)主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”，如：
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧兰，海上风平浪静。
Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.
虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。
Peaceful(a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement)指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”，如：
a peaceful environment和平环境。
quiet (not making much noise, or making no noise at all)指“ 没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少” 或“全然无声”, 如:
He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。
still (quiet and calm)指“没声音的”、“没动静的”, 如:
the still hours before dawn黎明前的寂静时刻。

nerve n. 神经the feeling of being nervous because you are worried or a little frightened
He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.他在演讲的时候紧张死了。
I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves. 我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。
词组拓展： get on sb.'s nerves使人心烦不安；使人心神不定
strain every nerve竭尽全力
相关表达： nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的

concentration    n. 集中，专心
I can hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around. 周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。
The factory is concentrating on designing new products.工厂正集中经历设计信产品。
Yoga is an exercise which can improves your powers of concentration.瑜伽是一种能提高注意力的运动。
As a simultaneous translator I must listen and translate with great concentration.作为一个同声传译工作者，我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译。
相关表达：    concentrate v. 集中
记忆点拨：     con（全部）—centr（中心）—ation（名词后缀）（全部在中心）

suffer          v. to experience physical or mental pain受苦，受害；to be in a very bad situation that makes things very difficult for you受损失
      I have been suffering from a bad headache. 我有严重的头疼病。
My grandmather died suddenly and didn’t suffer.我的奶奶突然就去世了，没受什么痛苦。
Many private businesses suffered a great loss during the recession.很多私有企业在经济衰退时期受了很大损失。
The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties.敌方军队伤亡损失很大。
词义辨析：    bear，endure，stand，suffer，tolerate
bear (to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation [= stand])广义的指容忍各种事情的能力He can't bear people smoking while he's eating.他受不了别人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。
Endure(to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：There are limits to what the human body can endure.人体的忍耐力是有限的
stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult situation [= tolerate])指精神上坚毅，有决心：
The pain was too intense to stand. 痛苦强烈得无法承受。
Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public. 受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。
Suffer(to experience physical or mental pain)指顺从和克制
He suffered their insults in silence. 他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。
Tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even though you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意
记忆点拨：    suf（下面）—fer（忍受）

symptom   n. something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particular illness症状；a sign that a serious problem exists征兆
      Symptoms include headaches and fever.症状包括头疼和发烧。
Cough is one of the symptoms of having pneumonia.咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。
After studying his symptoms, the doctor diagnozed he had got a fever. 在研究他的症状之后，医生诊断他发烧了。
The trike is a symptom of the delcination of economy. 这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。
The crime rate is a symptom of social unrest. 犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。
记忆点拨：    联想：sym（相同）—p—tom（人名）（相同的TOM）

temper     n. a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily脾气
He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothbrush.当他看到同屋正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。
If he can not learn how to contro his temper, he will lost his job.如果他不能学会控制他的脾气，他就会失去工作。
词组拓展：    keep one's temper忍住气；不发火
lose one's temper发火；生气
out of temper发火；动怒
相关表达：    good-tempered adj.好脾气的
bad-tempered adj.坏脾气的
ill-tempered坏脾气的
even-tempered好脾气的
temperamant n.气质，性格
a nervous temperament易紧张的性格
记忆点拨：    发音：tem—per

appetite     n. 胃口，食欲
      Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite.吃了太多冰激凌让我都没胃口了。
      Swimming gives me a great appetite. 游泳让我胃口大增。
词组拓展：    lose/have/spoil/give appetite失去食欲，有食欲，破坏食欲，促进食欲
谚语：         Appetite comes with eating. [谚]胃口越吃越大(贪得无厌)。
A good appetite is a good sauce. [谚]饥不择食。
记忆点拨：    ap（朝向）—pet（追求）—ite（名词后缀）

produce v. to show, bring out, or offer something so it can be seen or considered拿出；生产；n. 农业产品
The old man produced his passport to the officer with trembling hands.老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。
If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。
Grapes produced in this farm are maily used to make wine.这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。
相关表达： product n.产品，产物
production n.生产
yield v.出产, 生长
记忆点拨： pro（向前）—duce（引导，引出）（引出来）

urge      v. to strongly advise someone to do something力劝，怂恿；n. 强烈欲望
Jack urged me to resign and start my own business. JACK怂恿我辞职自己创业。
      I urged that you consider this decision carelly. 我劝你仔细考虑这个决定。
      I felt a sudden urge to smoke.我有强烈的想吸烟的欲望。
相关表达：     urgent adj.急迫的，紧张的

satisfaction      n. a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you wanted满意，满足
      She got great satisfaction from helping others.她从帮助别人的过程中得到很      大的满足感。
He looked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.他看着他的画，露出满意的微笑。
相关表达：    satisfy v.使满意
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
satisfied adj.感到满意的
               dissatisfaction n.不满
记忆点拨：    分割：sat—is—fac—tion

delighted     adj. very pleased and happy 欣喜的
We are delighted that the president will be watching our performance.总统将要观看我们的演出，我们很高兴。
We are delighted to know our best friend had a lovely baby. 我们欣喜的得知我们最好的朋友生了一个可爱的孩子。
Jone was delighted when she received the admissions letter from Harward University. Jone接到哈佛大学的录取通知书时非常高兴。
相关表达：    delight n. 欣喜
词义辨析：     pleasure delight joy都含“快乐”、“愉快” 的意思。
pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用词, 指“以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足”。如:
It's my pleasure to help you.
帮助你是我的快乐。
delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）语意比pleasure 强, 指“极大的快乐”, 尤指“以一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐”, 如:
The child clapped his hands in delight.
那孩子高兴得拍起手来。
joy （great happiness and pleasure）指“高兴地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪”, 如:
Success brought her great joy.
成功给她带来极大的快乐。
记忆点拨： delight（欣喜）ed（过去分词构成的形容词）